Série sobre tópicos específicos relacionados à Conceitos Estatísticos na Ciência de Dados: regressão, clustering, redes neurais, aprendizagem profunda (deep learning), árvores de decisão (decision tree), conjuntos, correlação, Python, R, Tensorflow, SVM (support vector machine), redução de dados, seleção de recursos, design experimental, validação cruzada (cross-validation), montagem de modelos e muito mais. More about Statistcs
- Mean Squared Error: Definition and Example
- Measurement Error (Observational Error)
- Measurement Variable: Simple Definition & Examples
- Measures of Spread: Definitions, Examples
- Measures of Variation: Definition, Types and Examples
- Median Absolute Deviation
- Memoryless Property: Definition and Examples in Statistics
- Method of Moments Definition and Example
- Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm / Metropolis Algorithm
- Middle Fifty in Statistics: What is it?
- Midpoint / Class Mark (in Statistics)
- Midrange: Definition and How to Find the Midrange
- Minimum Spanning Tree: Definition, Examples, Prim’s Algorithm
- Misleading Graphs: Real Life Examples
- Misleading Statistics Examples in Advertising and The News
- Mixture Distribution: Definition and Examples
- How to Find the Mode or Modal Value
- Model Misspecification
- Moderating Variable (or Moderator)
- Moment Generating Function MGF: Definition, Examples
- Monotonic Relationship: Definition
- Moran’s I: Definition, Examples
- Moving Average: What it is and How to Calculate it
- Multicollinearity: Definition, Causes, Examples
- Multidimensional Scaling: Definition, Overview, Examples
- Multimodal Distribution Definition and Examples
- Multinomial Distribution: Definition, Examples
- Multiplication Rule Probability: Definition, Examples
- Multistage Sampling: Definition, Real Life Examples
- Mutually Exclusive Event: Definition, Examples, Unions
- Mutually Inclusive Events: Definition, Examples
- Nash Equilibrium: Simple Definition and Examples
- Kruskal Wallis H Test: Definition, Examples & Assumptions
- Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20) & 21 (KR-21)
- Lasso Regression: Simple Definition
- Law of Large Numbers / Law of Averages
- Least Squares Regression Line: Ordinary and Partial
- Levels in Statistics
- Levene Test for Equality of Variances
- Likelihood Function: Overview / Simple Definition
- Likelihood Ratio (Medicine): Basic Definition, Interpretation
- Likelihood-Ratio Tests (Probability and Mathematical Statistics)
- Likert Scale Definition and Examples
- Limiting Distribution (Asymptotic Distribution): Definition and Exa…
- Linear Relationship: Definition, Examples
- Vector Transformation & Linear Transformation
- Line Graph – Definition and Easy Steps to Make One
- Line of Best Fit: What it is, How to Find it
- Lognormal Distribution: Definition, Examples
- Log Odds: Definiton and Worked Statistics Problems
- Lowess Smoothing in Statistics: What is it?
- Mahalanobis Distance: Simple Definition, Examples
- Main Effect: Definition and Examples
- Manipulated Variable: Definition
- Mann Kendall Trend Test: Definition, Running the Test
- Mann Whitney U Test
- Marginal Distribution
- Marginal Effects: Definition
- Matched Samples: Definition, Examples
- Matrices and Matrix Algebra
- Maximum Variation Sampling
- McNemar Test Definition, Examples, Calculation
- Mean Difference / Difference in Means (MD)
- Mean Error: Definition
- Mean Square Between: Definition & Examples
- Hotelling’s T-Squared: Simple Definition
- Normal Distribution Probability in Excel: All Versions up to 2016
- Hypergeometric Distribution: Examples and Formula
- Hypothesis Test in Excel for the Population Mean (Large Sample)
- Idempotent Matrix: Definition, Examples
- IID Statistics: Independent and Identically Distributed Definition …
- Independent Random Variables: Definition, Examples
- Independent Samples T Test (Unpaired Samples): Definition, Running
- Independent Variable (Treatment Variable) Definition and Uses
- Index Number: Simple Definition
- Inferential Statistics: Definition, Uses
- Information Bias (Observation Bias): Definition, Examples
- Instrumental Variable: Definition & Overview
- Interaction Effect, Statistical Interactions & Interacting Vari…
- Internal Consistency Reliability: Definition, Examples
- Internal Validity: Definition and Examples
- Inter-rater Reliability IRR: Definition, Calculation
- Interval Estimate: Definition, Examples
- Interval Scale & Interval Variable: Simple Definition & Exa…
- Intervening variable: Simple Definition & Examples
- Intraclass Correlation
- Inverse Gamma Distribution: Definition, Mean, Variance, PDF
- Inverse Normal Distribution
- Jaccard Index / Similarity Coefficient
- Jarque-Bera Test
- Joint Probability and Joint Distributions: Definition, Examples
- Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Test for Sampling Adequacy
- Kendall’s Tau (Kendall Rank Correlation Coefficient)
- Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness of Fit Test
- KPSS Test: Definition and Interpretation
- Krippendorff’s Alpha Reliability Estimate: Simple Definition
- Fundamental Counting Principle (The Multiplication Counting Rule): …
- Funnel Plot: Definition, Examples
- Gamma Coefficient (Goodman and Kruskal’s Gamma) & Yule’s Q
- Gamma Distribution: Definition, PDF, Finding in Excel
- Gamma Function: Definition, Properties
- Gauss Markov Theorem & Assumptions
- General Linear Model (GLM): Simple Definition / Overview
- Geometric Distribution: Definition & Example
- Geometric Mean: Definition, Examples, Formula, Uses
- Goodness of Fit Test: What is it?
- Granger Causality: Definition, Running the Test
- Greatest Possible Error: Easy Definition, Step by Step Examples
- Grounded Theory: Simple Definition and Examples
- Grouped Data / Ungrouped Data: Definition, Examples
- Grubbs’ Test for Outliers (Maximum Normed Residual Test)
- Guttman Scale (Cumulative Scale): Definition & Examples
- Hamiltonian Cycle: Simple Definition and Example
- Haphazard Sampling: Definition, Examples, Advantages/Disadvantages
- Harmonic Mean: Definition, Formula, Examples
- Hausman Test for Endogeneity (Hausman Specification Test)
- Hazard Ratio: Definition, Examples & Log of the Hazard
- Heavy Tailed Distribution & Light Tailed Distribution: Definiti…
- Hedges’ g: Definition, Formula
- Heterogeneity and Heterogeneous Data in Statistics
- Heteroscedasticity: Simple Definition and Examples
- Hidden Markov Model: Simple Definition & Overview
- Hierarchical Clustering / Dendrogram: Simple Definition, Examples
- Holm-Bonferroni Method: Step by Step
- Homogeneity, Homogeneous Data & Homogeneous Sampling
- Homoscedasticity / Homogeneity of Variance/ Assumption of Equal Var…
- Hosmer-Lemeshow Test: Definition
- Face Validity: Definition and Examples
- Factor analysis: Easy Definition
- False Discovery Rate: Simple Definition, Adjusting for FDR
- False Positive and False Negative: Definition and Examples
- Familywise Error Rate (Alpha Inflation): Definition
- Fat Tail Distribution: Definition, Examples
- 5 Number Summary in Excel: Easy Steps with Video
- Outliers: Finding Them in Data, Formula, Examples. Easy Steps and V…
- How to Find Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness in Excel
- Pooled Sample Standard Error: How to Calculate it
- Regression Slope Intercept: How to Find it in Easy Steps
- Standard Error Excel 2013 in Easy Steps
- Standard Error of Regression Slope
- How to Find t Critical Value on TI 83
- Variance in Minitab: How to Find it
- Finite Population Correction Factor FPC: Formula, Examples
- Fisher Z-Transformation
- Fleiss’ Kappa
- Fmax / Hartley’s Test: Definition, Step by Step Example, Table
- Fractile Definition Usage and How to Calculate
- Frequency Distribution Table in Excel — Easy Steps!
- Frequency Polygon: Definition and How to Make One
- Friedman’s Test / Two Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks
- Durbin Watson Test & Test Statistic
- Ecological Validity: Definition and Examples
- EM Algorithm (Expectation-maximization): Simple Definition
- Empirical Distribution Function / Empirical CDF
- Empirical Rule: What is it?
- Endogenous Variable and Exogenous Variable: Definition and Classifying
- Erlang Distribution: Definition, Examples
- Error Term: Definition and Examples
- Estimator: Simple Definition and Examples
- Eta Squared / Partial Eta Squared
- Excel Data Analysis ToolPak: Easy Steps and Video 2016-2007
- Excel Multiple Regression (Polynomial Regression)
- Excel PERCENTRANK Function, PERCENTILE & RANK
- Excel Regression Analysis Output Explained
- Expected Frequency: Definition, Formula, Calculation
- Expected Monetary Value EMV: Definition & Example
- Experimental Design
- Confounding Variable: Simple Definition and Example
- Fixed Effects / Random Effects / Mixed Models and Omitted Variable …
- Experimental Group (Treatment Group): Definition, Examples
- Expert Sampling / Judgment Sampling
- Explanatory Variable & Response Variable: Simple Definition and…
- Exponential Distribution / Negative Exponential: Definition, Examples
- Exponential Smoothing: Definition of Simple, Double and Triple
- External Validity Definition & Examples
- Extraneous Variable Simple Definition
- Cumulative Frequency Distribution: Simple Definition, Easy Steps
- Cumulative Frequency Table in Excel: Easy Steps
- Data Collection Methods
- What is a Decile?
- Decision Tree: Definition and Examples
- Degrees of Freedom: What are they?
- Density Curve Examples
- Dependent Variable: Definition and Examples
- Design Effect: Definition, Examples
- Deterministic: Definition and Examples
- Detrend Data
- Dichotomous Variable: Definition
- Difference Between BinomPDF and BinomCDF
- Curse of Dimensionality & High Dimensional Data
- Acyclic Graph & Directed Acyclic Graph: Definition, Examples
- Direction of Association in Statistics: What is it?
- Discrete Probability Distribution: Definition & Examples
- What is a Discrete Variable in Statistics?
- Discrete vs Continuous variables: How to Tell the Difference
- Disjoint Events: Definition, Examples
- Dispersion / Measures of Dispersion: Definition
- Dixon’s Q Test: Definition, Step by Step Examples + Q Critical Values Tables
- Double Sampling: Simple Definition, Types
- Dummy Variables / Indicator Variable: Simple Definition, Examples
- Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (MRT)
- Dunnett’s Test / Dunnett’s Method: Definition
- Dunn’s test: Definition
- Content Validity (Logical or Rational Validity)
- Contingency Coefficient: Definition
- Continuous Probability Distribution
- Continuous Variable Definition (Continuous Data)
- Contour Plots: Definition, Examples
- Control Group: Definition, Examples and Types
- Control Variable: Simple Definition
- Convenience Sampling (Accidental Sampling): Definition, Examples
- Convergent Validity and Discriminant Validity: Definition, Examples
- Cook’s Distance / Cook’s D: Definition, Interpretation
- Correlation Matrix: Definition
- Counterbalancing in Research
- Covariance in Statistics: What is it? Example
- Covariate Definition in Statistics
- Cramer-Rao Lower Bound
- Criterion Validity: Definition, Types of Validity
- Criterion Variable: Definition, Use and Examples
- Critical Z Value TI 83: Easy Steps for the InvNorm Function
- Cronbach’s Alpha: Simple Definition, Use and Interpretation
- C-Statistic: Definition, Examples, Weighting and Significance
- Cumulative Distribution Function CDF
- Case-Control Study: Definition, Real Life Examples
- Case Studies: Case Study Definition and Steps
- Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality: Simple Definition, Example & Proof
- Causation Definition & Causation vs. Correlation
- Center of a Distribution: Definition, How to Find it
- Central Tendency (Measures of Location): Definition and Examples
- Chauvenet’s Criterion
- Chi-square Test for Normality
- Choose Bin Sizes for Histograms in Easy Steps + Sturge’s Rule
- Chow Test: Definition & Examples
- Classical Probability: Definition and Examples
- Clustered Standard Errors: Definition
- Coefficient Definition: Different Types in Statistics and Math
- Coefficient of Association: Definition, Types, Examples
- Coefficient of Dispersion
- Cohen’s D: Definition, Examples, Formulas
- Cohen’s Kappa Statistic
- Cohort Study (Retrospective, Prospective): Definition, Examples
- Cointegration: Definition, Examples, Tests
- Combined Mean: Definition, Examples
- Comparison of Means
- Concordant Pairs and Discordant Pairs
- Concurrent Validity Definition and Examples
- Conditional Distribution: Definition and Examples
- Conditional Expectation: Definition & Step by Step Example
- Confidence Level: What is it?
- Conservative in Statistics
- Consistent Estimator: Consistency Definition & Examples
- Construct Validity: Simple Definition, Statistics Used
- 10% Condition in Statistics: What is it?
- 68 95 99.7 Rule in Statistics
- Absolute Error & Mean Absolute Error (MAE)
- Accuracy and Precision: Definition, Examples
- ADF — Augmented Dickey Fuller Test
- Adjusted R2 / Adjusted R-Squared: What is it used for?
- Akaike’s Information Criterion: Definition, Formulas
- ANCOVA: Analysis of Covariance
- ANOVA: Analysis of Variance
- Area Between Two Z Values on Opposite Sides of Mean
- Area Principle in Statistics
- Area to the Right of a z score (How to Find it)
- Arithmetic Mean: What it is and How to Find it
- ARMA Model
- Assumption of Independence
- Assumption of Normality / Normality Test
- Assumptions and Conditions for Regression
- Attributable Risk / Attributable Proportion: Definition
- Attribute Variable / Passive Variable: Definition, Examples
- Autoregressive Model: Definition & The AR Process
- Average – Definition – How to Calculate Average
- Average Deviation (Average Absolute Deviation)
- Average Inter-Item Correlation: Definition, Example
- Balanced and Unbalanced Designs: Definition, Examples
- Bartlett’s Test: Definition and Examples
- Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) / Schwarz Criterion
- Bayes’ Theorem Problems, Definition and Examples
- Bell Curve (Normal Curve): Definition
- Benjamini-Hochberg Procedure
- Bernoulli Distribution: Definition and Examples
- Bessel’s Correction: Why Use N-1 For Variance/Standard Deviation?
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